Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels and methods of biomethanated distillery spentwash and pressmud biocompost application on soil microbial and enzymatic activity using sugarcane (Sachharum officinarum) as a test crop at farms of M/S. Bhavani distilleries and chemicals Ltd., T. Pudur, Thimiri, Vellore District. Sugarcane crop was raised with ten treatments comprising the one-time as pre-plant application (30 days before planting) of BDS at 100, 112.5, 150 and 187.5 m3 ha-1, pre and post-plant application of BDS at 112.5, 150 and 187.5 m3 ha-1 as split doses at various stages of crop growth and application of biocompost at 2.5 and 5 t ha-1 along with control. The soil samples were collected at 90 days intervals and analyzed for the change in soil microbial population and enzyme activities. The results of the study showed that the microbial population and enzymatic activities of the soil were substantially increased throughout the crop growth period due to biomethanated distillery spentwash and bio-compost application. The highest microbial population and enzyme activities were recorded with split application of BDS at 187.5 m3 ha-1 along with balance P fertilizer. This study revealed that the utilization of biomethanated distillery spentwash at 187.5 m3 ha-1 as split doses along with balance phosphorus requirement through inorganic fertilizer could improve the microbial population and enzyme activities in sugarcane grown soil.