Abstract: The aim of this study is carried out to examine the neuroprotective effects of root aquatic extract of Salvia staminea on neuronal density of motoneuron in spinal cord anterior horn in rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats were used and divided to five groups (control, compression, three experimental groups). In compression and experimental groups right sciatic nerve were highly compressed for 60 sec, assigned to experimental groups (Compression + aquatic extract of Salvia root injections (25, 50, 75 mg kg-1, i.p., 4 time) (N = 8). After 4 weeks post-operative the lumbar segments of spinal cord were sampled, processed, sectioned serially and stained with toluidine blue (pH 4.65). By using stereological quantitative technique, the number of alpha motoneurons in the right horn of spinal cord were counted and compared with each other. Statistical analysis showed remarkable increase in the number of alpha motoneurons in the groups with dosage (50, 75 mg kg-1) in compared to compression. Result shows that root aquatic extract could increase neuronal density motoneuron in anterior horn of spinal cord after sciatic nerve injury in rat.