Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and phytochemical profile of some Algerian medicinal plants. The bioautography on Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) reveals 10 active aqueous extracts from a total of 77 extracts. Among them, aqueous extract of Pistacia lentiscus presents seven active spots. The Ellman’s colorimetric method shows that aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica and P. lentiscus present a strong AChE inhibition. The chloroformic fraction obtained after liquid-liquid partition of Atriplex halimus roots aqueous extract, presents a strong AChE inhibition among all fractions tested with IC50 of 9.55 μg mL-1. The quantitative dosage of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids by colorimetric method shows that Osyris quadripartita and Pistacia atlantica are the richest in total phenolic compounds (438.99 and 407.68 mg g-1, respectively), a highest content on total flavonoids was detected in extract from Rosmarinus officinalis and Acacia raddiana (125.70 and 115.37 mg g-1, respectively).