Abstract: The prevalence of serological markers of HBV and most predominant genotypes were determined in Taif region in the West area of the country among chronically HBV infected residents between 2001-2004. HBsAg, anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe were screened using an ELISA commercial reagent kit and existence of HBV-DNA was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Higher prevalence of HbsAg (36.2%), anti-HBc (27.2%), anti-HBe (22.4%) and then HBeAg (19.4%) were detected in Saudi patients. Among non-Saudi carriers HBV markers were represented as 51.7, 43.5, 33.2 and 26.7%, for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBe and HBeAg, respectively. There was not a marked difference between Saudi and non-Saudi patients with regard to HBV marker distribution rates. Prevalence of HBsAg among non-Saudi nationalities showed a higher incidence among Filipino (16/16; 100%), followed by Bangladeshi (19/21; 90.5%), Pakistani (21/28; 75%), Egyptians (11/18; 61.1%) then Indian (21/35; 60%). In all groups prevalence of HBsAg was higher in males than females. HBV-DNA was detected only in 31.5% Saudi and 46.6% among non-Saudi patients who had a chronic hepatitis B infection by using PCR reaction. This indicating that level of HBV-DNA in serum of those patients was very low that couldn’t be detected by this method. The predominant genotypes in the selected patients in the Saudi population was B (34.8%), type C (4.4%) and type A (1.1%) and in non-Saudi patients was B (41.4%), type C (12.2%), type A (2.8%) and type E (2.2%). Type B as mainly expressed in patients with positive HBsAg and anti-HBc marker (77.2 and 72.7%, respectively), followed by patients showed positivity for HBeAg and anti-HBe (66.7 and 62.5%, respectively). These data clearly indicate that, detection of hepatitis B viral infection by a serological markers and PCR reaction may be helpful for identification of the phase of infection.