Abstract: Background and Objective: The rangelands of the Adamawa region of Cameroon were hyper-infested with boophilic hematophagous flies that caused production losses. For this reason, an entomological experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of tsetse traps and live cattle in estimating the real abundance of biting insects. Materials and Methods: A field experiment was carried out to compare biting fly intensities recorded from tsetse traps (TTs) and Live Cattle (LC) after 14 days of adult zebu Goudali cattle (n = 3: Black, brown and white) and odor-baited (Octenol) blue-black tsetse traps (n = 3: Nzi, Biconical and Vavoua) exposure time (8-20 h) in different micro-environments (gallery forest, river Vina borderline and open savanna grass) from October-November, 2016 and January, 2017 in Galim, Adamawa region of Cameroon. Results: In total, 27, 440 hematophagous flies were caught and identified with 26,779 of them observed on cattle and only 661 caught with TTs. Five genera were identified using the two methods in order of magnitude: Stomoxys, Culicids, Simulium, Chrysops and Tabanus. Only TTs permitted fly identification up to species level. Amongst all the fly-groups recorded, only the genus Tabanus did not show a statistically significant difference with the two exposed-trapping methods. Trap abundance only represented 2.49% of observed biting fly abundances on live animals throughout the study. Conclusion: Tsetse traps could show the species composition of some dipterans but were unable to give the real burden of such flies on live cattle.