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Journal of Applied Sciences

Year: 2019 | Volume: 19 | Issue: 5 | Page No.: 466-472
DOI: 10.3923/jas.2019.466.472
Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Vaccine of Cockerels Challenged with Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Administered Some Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Balami Arhyel Gana , Pilarshimwi James Yidawe, Shallmizhili, Johnson, Etim Alex Bassey and Abdu Paul Ayuba

Abstract: Background and Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of some complementary and alternative therapies commonly used by farmers for the control of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 days old commercial chicks were assigned into 7 groups (NC, PC, RS, KHOS, AVS, GND and GND+KHOS) of 40 chicks each and housed on deep litter. Each group was identified by a group acronym, based on the type of treatment administered. Chicks in groups PC, RS, KHOS, AVS, GND and GND+KHOS were inoculated via intra ocular route at 35 days of age with a very virulent IBD virus (vvIBDV). Treatment was instituted two days post inoculation (dpi) at the onset of clinical signs of IBD. The chicks were also vaccinated orally with a live Newcastle Disease (ND) La Sota vaccine at 7 dpi. Chicks in PC group were challenged but not treated while those in NC group were neither challenged nor treated. Blood was collected from five chicks in each group via the wing vein at 35, 38, 42, 49 and 56 days of age to evaluate for IBD and ND antibody titre levels using agar gel precipitin test (AGPT), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, respectively. Results: None of the chicks in all the groups had a precipitin antibodies before challenge at day 35 (0 dpi) and 3 dpi. At 7 dpi, 100, 80 and 20% of the chicks in groups AVS, GND and GND+KHOS, respectively had precipitin antibodies. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the mean ELISA antibody titre of chicks in group RS and KHOS when compared with the other groups at day 0 (pre-infection). By day 7 dpi, significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the mean ELISA IBD antibody titre level of chicks in groups RS, GND and GND+KHOS. Also, a significant increase was observed in the mean ELISA IBD antibody titre level of chicks in groups GND and GND+KHOS and groups RS and GND at day 14 and 21 dpi. There was an increase in the mean Log2 HI titre level of chicks in the KHOS, AVS, GND and KHOS+GND groups at 7 days post vaccination (dpv) with ND La Sota vaccine. Conclusion: The GND, RS and AVS had positive effects on humoral immune response of cockerels challenged with vvIBDV. The KHOS and AVS ameliorated the negative effect of vvIBDV on humoral immune response to ND La Sota vaccine. The GND, RS, AVS and KHOS used in this study can be used as immune modulators. Farmers, veterinarians and other animal health workers are advised to adhere to the routine vaccination against IBD and strict bio-security.

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How to cite this article
Balami Arhyel Gana, Pilarshimwi James Yidawe, Shallmizhili, Johnson, Etim Alex Bassey and Abdu Paul Ayuba, 2019. Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Vaccine of Cockerels Challenged with Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Administered Some Complementary and Alternative Therapies. Journal of Applied Sciences, 19: 466-472.

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