Abstract: The present study was conducted with the objective of finding out the concordance between growth and yield production, biochemical (the volatile oil) and molecular genetic (RAPD and ISSR-PCR) characteristics of three species of genus Mentha (Mentha viridis; Mentha piperita; Mentha aquatica) and two subspecies (Mentha spicata var. Morocana; Mentha spicata var. Longofolia). Mentha species and subspecies were collected from the Experimental Farm of the El-Kasaseen Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, A.R.C. The highest oil percentage of fresh and dry Mentha herb obtained of Mentha aquatica (0.46, 2.11), respectively and Mentha piperita (0.40, 2.09), respectively in the second season. While the production yield of herb/fed. Mentha piperita recorded (3.148, 3.047 t) in the first and second season,respectively while Mentha aquatica recorded (1.513, 1.418 t) in the first and second season, respectively. GC analysis of the volatile oil prepared by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of spearmint, the major constituents of the oils in Mentha viridis were limonene (15.73%) and carvone (75%) while the major ones in Mentha piperita oil were limonene (10.57%), 1, 8-cineol (8%), menthone (14.74%), isomenthone (8.34%), menthol (13%) and -caryophyllene (28.85%) which was the main one in Mentha spicata var. Longofolia oil by (46.75%) and (70.3%) in Mentha spicata var. Morocana. Menthyl acetate (86.11%) was the major constituents of Mentha aquatica oil. For molecular study Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed which was efficient in detecting polymorphism and genetic variation within and between Mentha species and varieties. In RAPD analysis, 5 selected primers displayed a total of 71 amplified fragments, in which 55 (77.46%) were polymorphic fragments. The number of total amplified fragments scored per primer ranged from 7 (primer OP-E19) to 26 (primer OP-Ax06). Thirty-three out of 71 RAPD-PCR fragments were found tobe useful as cultivar specific markers. The largest number of RAPD-PCR markers was scored for Mentha viridis (9 markers) while the lowest (5 markers) was scored for Mentha aquatica and Mentha spicata var. Morocana. In the meantime, the largest number of RAPD-PCR cultivar-specific markers was generated by primer OPAX-6 (12 markers) while the lowest number of RAPD-PCR specific markers (2 markers) was generated by primer OP-E19. In ISSR analysis, 5 of the tested ISSR primers generated variable banding patterns. A total of 50 out of 64 ISSR fragments were polymorphic. Twenty-six DNA amplified fragments were considered as cultivar-specific markers. Genetic similarities among the Mentha species/varieties were estimated according to the RAPD and ISSR data. Results of the combination of the banding patterns of the two techniques (RAPD and ISSR) data exhibited that the most two closely related cultivars were Mentha piperita and Mentha spicata var. Morocana with the highest similarity index (1.00). On the other hand, the two most distantly related cultivars were Mentha aquatica and Mentha spicata var. Longofolia with low similarity index (0.00). In conclusion, RAPD and ISSR polymorphisms could be used as efficient tools for the detection of similarities and phylogenetic relationships of the studied genotypes which could be useful in the breeding programs.