Abstract: This study follows medical analogy and metaphor thought, based on the similarities between quality defect of enterprises and disease in the medical field, analogies and metaphors the management process of disease in the medical field with the management process of quality defect of enterprises, refers to relevant literatures to establish quality defect management ability evaluation indicators system, the system includes quality defect diagnosis ability, quality defect governance ability and subsequent improvement ability of quality defect governance. Set typical thirty enterprises of Heilongjiang Province as an example, use projection pursuit to evaluate quality defect management ability of enterprises, employ optimal segmentation method to cluster and optimize the evaluation results. Study results will provide theoretical foundations for managing quality defect of enterprises and enhancing quality defect management ability.