Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding high cholesterol and saturated fat diet for a period of 10 weeks on the antioxidant status and the electrical conductivity of hemoglobin in rabbits. Thus, twenty of 12 weeks old male New Zealand white rabbits obtained from the Laboratory Animal Centre (College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia) were used. The rabbits were individually caged and divided into control group and high fat diet group. Serum lipids were measured using standard techniques. The electrical conductivity of hemoglobin and oxidative stress were evaluated in both groups of rabbits. We found that the levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in the high fat diet rabbits compared with the control rabbits, and a significant decrease in the activities of plasma antioxidant enzymes, such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Proxidase (GPx), was observed in the high fat diet rabbits compared with the control rabbits. The electrical conductivity of hemoglobin was significantly increased in the high fat diet rabbits compared with the control rabbits. Furthermore, a significant increase in the oxidative stress was observed in the high fat diet rabbits compared with the control rabbits, which was concomitant with the increase in the electrical conductivity of hemoglobin. Our results suggest that feeding rabbits a high cholesterol and saturated fat diet for a period of 10 weeks induces significant changes in TC, TG, LDL, HDL, MDA, SOD, GPx, the electrical conductivity of hemoglobin and the oxidative stress. Indeed, SOD, GPx, the electrical conductivity of hemoglobin and the oxidative stress may help in diagnosing and monitoring the progression of atherosclerosis.