Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine pollution indicators in and around Gaborone industrial effluent, generate relevant baseline information on industrial effluents; and determine the major sources of industrial pollution in Gaborone, Botswana. The results of the study showed that effluent quality discharged by the four different industry types in Gaborone, Botswana, differed significantly. Brewery, chemical, paints, food and beverage industries had significantly high COD, BOD and suspended solids above the maximum permissible limits. While the chemical and paints industries could be a potential source of lead pollution in Gaborone. Temperature and acidity generally were not a problem for industrial effluents. The pharmaceutical industries met all the maximum and minimum guidelines for wastewater discharge. COD, BOD, suspended solids and heavy metal levels should be monitored strictly by the Gaborone City Council in order to prevent environmental pollution and reduce health hazards caused by pollutants.