Abstract: Background and Objective: Elicitors could be used not only to increase isoflavone concentration of soybean seeds but also to influence the physiological characteristics of soybean. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of foliar applications of elicitor compounds (i.e., chitosan and salicylic acid) on the physiological characteristics of two soybean varieties. Materials and Methods: The research used a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was soybean cultivar (Wilis and Devon). The second factor was foliar application consisting of without elicitor, chitosan at the four fully developed trifoliate leaves (V4), chitosan at the early podding (R3), chitosan at the V4 and R3, salicylic acid at the V4, salicylic acid at the R3 and salicylic acid at the V4 and R3. The parameters observed were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content and stomatal density. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p = 0.05. Results: The results suggest that the Devon cultivar had higher content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, while Wilis cultivar had higher content of chlorophyll b and stomatal density. The foliar application with salicylic acid at the V4 resulted in the highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content, while the chitosan application at the V4 and R3 resulted in the highest chlorophyll b content. The application of salicylic acid at the V4 at Wilis cultivar increased stomatal density, while the chitosan application at the V4 at Devon cultivar increased the stomatal density. Conclusion: It is concluded that in Wilis cultivar, the foliar application of salicylic acid at the V4 increased the chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content and stomatal density, while in the Devon cultivar, the foliar application of salicylic acid at the R3 resulted in the highest chlorophyll b content, while the application of chitosan at the V4 in Devon cultivar increased the stomatal density.