Abstract: Starting from comprehensive and systematic characteristics of food security, the comprehensive evaluation system of food security covering the fields of production, distribution, exchange and consumption is established which is used to evaluate Chinese food security from 1978 to 2010. The results show Chinese food security level continuously improves in fluctuations and gradually stabilizes, but is still in mild alert status which needs to be concerned about. The main direction of next stage policy control is to ensure food security and increase farmers’ income.