Abstract: An artificial ants clustering algorithm (AntClust) is proposed in this study to resolve the segmentation problem. AntClust uses the self-organizing and autonomous brood sorting behavior observed in real ants. Ants move on a discrete array of cells represented the ants’ environment. Ants may move pixels that are scatted within the cells of the array can be moved from one cell to another. In this way, ants form clusters without the initial knowledge of the number of clusters and initial partition. Experimental results on synthetic and real images demonstrate the ability of AntClust to extract the correct number of clusters with good clustering quality compared to the results obtained from a classical clustering algorithm like K-means algorithm.