Abstract: Camelpox virus (CMLV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPV) of Poxviridae. CMLV causes clinical disease in camel populations worldwide. CMLV has been known in Saudi Arabia for centuries. However, no attempts have been made to characterize the endemic CMLV genetically. This situation leads to the inability to monitor the molecular epidemiology of the virus in the environment. It also reduces our capability to evaluate vaccine-based control strategies. CMLV continues to persist in nature and re-emerge. We were able to isolate a CMLV from an outbreak in the Eastern Provence of KSA in 2009. The infection produced mild clinical signs in adults and camel calves. We were able to confirm that the isolate was indeed CMLV using PCR and partial sequencing of the A-type inclusion protein (ATIP) gene. The Orthopoxvirus (OPV) ortholog genes L1R, A27L, A33R and B5R of the Saudi enzootic CMLV were also investigated using a modified PCR assay. Our data explains some of the variation obtained with restriction analysis and underlines the need for a review of some of the vaccines used to control CMLV.