Abstract: Forty nine anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) accessions were planted in simple lattice design at Bako Agricultural Research Center in 2011 to estimate components of variability, heritability, genetic advance and association among quantitative traits. Highly significant difference (p≤0.01) and wider range of variations were observed for most of the characters. High genotypic coefficient of variation along with high heritability and genetic advance was obtained from hundred seed weight, number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per plant, root yield per plant, total root yield, marketable root yield and average fruit yield, showing the possibility of anchote yield improvement through selection. However, the rest characters showed low genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance under selection. Average root yield was positively and significantly (p<0.01) associated at genotypic and phenotypic level with root diameter (rg = 0.858 and rp = 0.593) and it also showed positive and highly significant association with root length (rg = 0.482 and rp = 0.345) signifying that indirect improvement would be very effective. Further evaluation including more accessions at different locations is suggested for having appropriate information.