Abstract: Ethiopian mustard is an important oil crop of Ethiopian origin and it has been grown in Ethiopia since antiquity both as an oilseed and vegetable crop. The study was conducted to assess the genetic variability of thirty six Ethiopian mustard accessions using ten morphological characters. The experiment was executed using 6×6 simple lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance shows that the accessions were significantly (p<0.001) different for most of the traits studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for No. of seed pod-1 (54 and 50, respectively), No. of seed plant-1 (47 and 42, respectively) and seed yield plant-1 (65 and 60, respectively). High heritability values (>70%) were recorded for all characters considered. Seed yield ha-1 showed positive and significant correlation with No. of seed pod-1 (0.488), No. of seed plant-1 (0.565), seed yield plant-1 (0.792) and 1000 seed weight (0.660), which indicates that indirect selection of these traits would improve seed yield ha-1 of the population studied. Accessions were also clustered into seven distinct groups for which further crossing/breeding program could be employed.