Abstract: Background and Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic dysfunction with various symptoms characterized via induces the hyperglycemia effect along with alteration of fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. The current experimental study exhibited the neuroprotective effect of curcumae against streptozotocin (STZ) induced Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) via alteration of gut microbiota. Materials and Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of STZ (70 mg kg–1) was used for the induction of DM. Blood glucose level, insulin, body weight and biochemical parameters were estimated at end of the protocol. Mechanical withdrawn threshold and motor nerve conduction velocity were estimated. The composition of faecal gut microbiota was estimated. Results: Curcumae significantly (p<0.001) increased the level of plasma insulin, body weight and declined the body weight. Curcumae significantly (p<0.001) declined the level of Creatine Kinase (CK), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) at dose-dependently. Curcumae significantly (p<0.001) reduced the Mechanical withdrawn threshold and motor nerve conduction velocity. Curcumae significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the level of MDA and boosted the GSH, SOD level. It also down-regulated the level of inflammatory cytokines in the brain, liver, heart and kidney. Curcumae also improved gut dysbiosis in DM rats by suppressing potential pathogenic species while enriching prebiotic species. Conclusion: Curcumae has an anti-diabetic impact and alters the gut microbiota linked with DM phenotypes and ROS generation levels.