Abstract: Background and Objective: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), accompanied by cognitive impairment, is known for its drug resistance. Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP), a widely used Chinese Traditional Medicine (TDM), is an effective complementary medicine for the clinical treatment of TLE. The present work was aimed to explore the curative effect of co-administration of CDDP and valproic acid (VPA) in the kainic acid (KA)-induced TLE rat model. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were stochastically divided into five groups (n = 60): Saline, Model, CDDP, VPA and VPA+CDDP groups. TLE model was established via stereotactic injections of KA. VPA (189 mg kg–1), CDDP (85 mg kg–1) or combined VPA (189 mg kg–1) and CDDP (85 mg kg–1) were respectively administered to rats in the treatment groups via i.g. for 60 days. Cognitive function was evaluated by the radial-arm maze and surviving neuron cells were observed and counted using Nissl staining. The expression of genes and proteins of the apoptosis factors caspase-3 and caspase-8 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western Blot. Results: Compared with the Model group, memory and learning skills were improved (p<0.01) and neuronal cell death in the CA3 region was alleviated (p<0.01) with co-administration treatment of VPA and CDDP. The mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in the VPA+CDDP group was both attenuated. Conclusion: VPA combined with CDDP could reduce neuronal damage and cognitive impairment with the possible mechanism to inhibit apoptosis by regulating apoptosis factors like caspase-3 and caspase-8.