Abstract: In recent years, some significant animal epidemic diseases (especially major diseases) occur frequently. Animal epidemic diseases are not only the key restricting factors of the healthy and sustainable animal husbandry industry in China but also are the great impacting influencers on the development of upstream and downstream industries of Chinese animal husbandry, such as the industries of feed, food processing and tourism. Furthermore, animal epidemic diseases even become the crucial environmental factors threatening human health. Therefore, the strategies of major animal epidemic diseases prevention and control are meaningful and significant concerning the influences of animal epidemic diseases on the healthy development of national animal husbandry, public health security and social stability in China. In the present study, an in depth analysis is carried out to get insights into the prevention and control of major animal epidemic diseases from the economic perspective, taking advantages of the theories of public goods, public choices, games, social system, risk management and the economic compensatory system and the principal agent model. It is aimed to provide the rationale theoretical instruction and policy guidance for prevention and control animal epidemic diseases.