Abstract: The aim of this study was to gas chromatographic analysis of extract of Foeniculum vulgare L. essential oil and to investigate its median lethal dose (LD50) and possible anti-inflammatory effects. The composition of the essential oil was as follows: 74.8% (E)-anethole, 11.1% limonene, 4.7% methyl chavicol, 2.5% fenchone and 1.3% α-pinene. The LD50 dose was found to be 1.038 mL kg-1. The essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare L. was investigated the model of carrageenan induced rat paw edema and it had an anti-inflammatory effect matching to that of etodolac at 0.050 and 0.200 mL kg-1 doses.