Abstract: In the present study, we assessed the early and delayed effects of a single dose of DOX on the testicular oxidative status and spermatogenesis in rats. Forty male adult (11 to 13 weeks old) Wistar rats weighing 185-210 g were used for this research work. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each. The control group of rats were given a single dose of normal saline (2.5 mL kg-1) b.wt. intraperitoneally (i.p.) and then were sacrificed two weeks after. Group A animals had 10 mg DOX kg-1 b.wt. i.p. as a single dose. These rats were sacrificed two weeks after DOX administration. Group B animals had 10 mg DOX kg-1 b.wt. i.p. as a single dose but were sacrificed 8 weeks after. Group C rats had similar treatment as those in group B, except that they were sacrificed at the end of the 16th week after DOX administration. Epididymal sperm characteristics were evaluated. In addition, biomarkers of oxidative stress namely testicular antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the testicular tissue were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The testicular oxidative status of DOX-treated rats was severely compromised as evidenced by the significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in addition to the significant reduction in the reduced glutathione (GSH) level as well as the significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA). There was also a demonstratable worsening of the rat testicular oxidative status and sperm parameters with passage of time following DOX administration. The results indicate that DOX produces persistent damage to the spermatogenic compartment of the testis as well progressive increase in the testicular oxidative stress.