Abstract: Background and Objective: Recently, herbal medicine has gained interest and knows a boom in the treatment of various pathologies like vaginitis. Plants which are subjected to various additional demands and become more scarce in their initial biotope, thus having a significant impact on their availability. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) Inventory the plants used in the treatment of vaginitis, (2) Determining the performance of the plants recorded and (3) Evaluating their vulnerability and importance. Materials and Methods: This study was divided into three sub-experiments. The first consisted of conducting ethnobotanical surveys in four cities of Cameroon, calculation of the performance index and assessment of the vulnerability of the studied plants and their importance. Results: Sixty-one plant species with a predominance of woody plants belonging to 43 plant families were cited. Nine families were the most represented, including Fabaceae (07 species). Cylicodiscus gabunensis, the most cited plant contributed 28.76% in the composition of recipes with high therapeutic use-value, 0.288. The performance indices revealed that plants with multiple uses had an average performance. Forty-two woody plants were selected for the assessment of their vulnerability index and importance. Thus three categories of importance are counted amount in which 14 plants were important. Conclusion: Therefore, the assessment of efficiency, vulnerability and importance taking into account anthropogenic factors, is a major asset for sustainable exploitation of biodiversity in the field of medicinal plants.