Abstract: Crop yield mostly depends on net result of yield contributing traits, action of genes and their interactions with environment. Hence, an experiment was undertaken with fifty two rice genotypes to know genetic relationship of various polygenic traits on yield. All the genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications during Kharif 2009 under salt affected soil (pH of 9.2 and EC 1.61 dS m-1). Results showed that substantial amount of variability exists in the entire gene pool for all traits studied validated ample scope of selection. Magnitude of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) along with Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) was recorded high for biological yield per plant; moderate for grain yield per plant, spikelets per panicle and flag leaf area. However, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, spikelet fertility (%), 1000-grain weight and harvest-index had low estimates. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean were observed for biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, spikelets per panicle and flag leaf area while, the 1000-grain weight and harvest-index suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. Grain yield per plant exhibited a very strong positive association with biological yield per plant, flag leaf area and spikelet fertility at phenotypic and genotypic level which indicated that these traits were the strongest associates of grain yield per plant. However, significant negative correlation was observed in case of harvest-index with biological yield per plant, and 1000-grain weight with effective tillers per plant. The genetic reasons for this type of negative association may be linkage or pleiotropy. Path analysis identified harvest-index, days to maturity and effective tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and flag leaf area and panicle length as major direct contributors. Hence, these traits should be given much emphasis on the selection criteria for genetic improvement of rice yield in salt stress environment.