Abstract: The aim of the present study is to determine the diagnostic usefulness of the measurement of the telomerase activity and DNA electrical properties in peripheral blood from Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease. In 10 patients with HCC, 13 with chronic hepatitis C and 7 healthy individuals, we measured peripheral blood telomerase activity by using the telomerase PCR ELISA assay. We examined its sensitivity and specificity in HCC, chronic HCV and its significance in comparison with other tumor markers. Telomerase activity was detected in peripheral blood of 80% hepatocellular carcinoma, 15% of chronic hepatitis C patients and absent in control group. A clear correlation between the incident of increased telomerase activity and that of elevated AFP is evident. The dielectric results indicated that the studied DNA has a dielectric dispersion in the frequency range used. The increase in the electrical conductivity and relaxation time for HCC and chronic disease could be attributed to the increased surface charge density of the DNA macromolecule. It is concluded that detection of telomerase activity in peripheral blood in combination with measurement dielectric dispersion of DNA could increase the accuracy diagnosis of HCC and improve the judgment on its prognosis.