Abstract: Background and Objective: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) involve the phosphorus solubilizing process in soil and play an important role in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal populations on phosphorus (P) uptake of rice plants, phosphatase enzyme activity in the soil and rice yield under the greenhouse condition. Materials and Methods: Five AMF populations including HA, VT, LM-AG, PH and VB-BN were inoculated to the rice plant with a density of 75 spores per 100 g of dry soil each. During the experiment, the rice plant was irrigated with a low-pH-water (pH = 5) regime. Results: The treatments inoculated with AMF populations had more than 85% of the AMF colonization rate in rice roots at harvest. The phosphatase enzyme activity, available phosphorus content in soils and total phosphorus of straw and seeds as well as rice yield of the treatments inoculated with AMF populations got significantly higher contents than those of the control treatment. Among five potential AMF populations, the VT population showed effectively enhance plant growth, P uptake and increased rice yield and quality. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the application of AMF population on rice cultivation under soil irrigated with low pH water conditions enhanced rice growth and drove the phosphorus pathway in both soil and rice plant uptake thus contributing to gained rice yield.