Abstract: Background and Objective: Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the leading commodities and has an important role in the Indonesian economy. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of drought stress and rice straw compost fertilizer and their interactions on the physiology of cocoa seedlings. Drought stress has a major influence on plants including cocoa, which decreases plant turgor pressure. Materials and Methods: It used materials such as water (C0), rice straw (K) compost with 4 treatments (K0, K1, K2 and K3). This research used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors, namely: (1) The first treatment factor is drought stress (C) consisting of 3 levels of treatment (C0, C1 and C2). (2) The second treatment factor is rice straw (K) compost consisting of 4 levels of treatment, namely: K0, K1, K2 and K3. The parameters observed were planted wet weight, plant dry weight, plant water content, total N-leaf content. Results: The results showed that drought stress treatment significantly affected plant wet weight, plant water content and total N-leaf content but did not significantly affect plant dry weight. The treatment of rice straw compost significantly affected the water content of plants but did not significantly affect the wet weight of plants, dry weight of plants and leaf N-total content. Conclusion: The drought stress affects the plant's wet weight, water content and N-leaf content but no effects on the dry weight. Rice straw compost significantly affects plants water content but does not influence the wet weight of plants, dry weight and N-leaf content.