Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of several selection indices to identify drought resistant cultivars under field and laboratory conditions in Kermanshah, Iran. Twenty bread wheat genotypes differing in yield performances were evaluated using a RCBD design with three replications under two different environments (irrigated and rein-fed) during 2004-2005 growing season. Grain yield of the genotype in the both conditions, Stress Tolerance Index (STI), was calculated for each genotype. Moreover Proline amino acid concentration (PC) in flag leaf of each genotype was also measured in grain filling stage in the stressed condition. Cell Membrane Stability (CMS) of leaf tissues in seedling stage was calculated for each genotype grown in the pots in greenhouse. Germination Stress Index (GSI), coleoptile length and root length, number of roots, Promptness Index in Stress (PIS) and non-stress (PINS) condition were recorded in the controlled condition of laboratory by using a 2x20 factorial experiment within completely randomized design with three replications under two different stress and non-stress (normal) water regimes. The result of analysis of variance exhibited highly significant difference among the genotypes for the most of the traits. Drought stress induced by PEG (polyethylene glycol) decreased all of the traits. Root length was the most sensitive to drought stress. Correlation analysis indicated strong association between STI and CMS and PC. It was inferred from the study that the greater drought tolerance corresponded to the greater cell membrane stability and proline accumulation. Also, highly significant correlation was observed between GSI, STI and PIS. The results imply that these criteria may be screened for indirect selection of drought tolerance in the initial stages of the bread wheat growth.