Abstract: Background: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viruses infecting vegetables in the fields throughout the world. Transmission efficiency of CMV could depend on the variability of virus strain but also aphid vector species and/or clones. Materials and Methods: By sequence analysis, the coat protein gene of CMV strains from different regions revealed that the CMV isolates used for this study belong to the same group. Both CMV strains and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) aphid clones were investigated for their role in viral dispersion by reciprocal tests on Nicotiana tabacum (L.) using the same clone of Myzus persicae towards different CMV strains or using one CMV strain on different Myzus persicae clones. Results: Virus transmission efficiency was found to be significantly influenced by selected CMV strains (from 5-30% of transmission rate for identical aphid clone) and also by the selected aphid clones (variation from 15-70% of transmission rate for identical virus strain). Conclusion: The CMV transmission efficiency depends on the variability of virus strain but also aphid vector clones. Combining the variability of CMV transmission rates for both aphid and virus sides, the prediction and modeling of virus spreading seems to be difficult to organize and are closely dependent on the variability of each protagonist-aphid and virus.