Abstract: This study assessed the physiological changes in wheat plants exposed to gamma radiation and then subjected to water stress for 10 days. Seeds of wheat cultivar Hidhab and M4 mutant populations obtained previously by gamma rays treatment of cultivar Hidhab with 150 and 200 Gy were carried out in the green house at University of Bab-Ezzour (North Algeria) in 2012-2013. In water stress conditions, the 150 Gy dose caused a significant increase of total chlorophyll (30.13%) and proline content (31.48%) compared to non irradiated plants. Also the data show both treatments had a significant effect on Relative Water Content (RWC), where the high values of water content (48.57 and 54.10%) were recorded at 150 and 200 Gy, respectively under water stress. Overall, most of the physiological traits showed an improvement under gamma effect, now it is clear that the physical agents such as gamma rays can be used to enhance wheat cultivars in harsh conditions.