Abstract: Field experiments were conducted during the 2005 and 2006 rainy season at the Food and Agriculture Organisation/Tree Crop Programme (FAO/TCP) Teaching and Research farm of the Adamawa State University, Mubi to assess the uptake and agronomic efficiencies of N, P and K in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Mubi, Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment consisted of 4 nitrogen rates (0, 37.5, 75 and 112.5 kg ha-1), 3 phosphorus rates (0, 22.5 and 45 kg ha-1) and 3 rates of potassium (0, 22.5 and 45 (kg ha-1), laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. The results showed that seed yield (678.89 kg ha-1) and dry matter yield (2005 kg ha-1) were optimum at 75 kg N ha-1 fertilization. Dry matter yield (1913 kg ha-1) and seed yield (654 kg ha-1) were optimum at 45 kg P2O5 ha-1. Application of K did not significantly influence growth and yield components of sesame. All interactions were significant for seed yield and that of NxPxK (815 kg ha-1) was the highest. N uptake (27.45 kg ha-1) was highest at 45 kg P2O5 ha-1, P uptake (2.0 kg ha-1) at 75 kg N ha-1 and K uptake (28.70 kg ha-1) was at 112.5 kg ha-1. Interaction of NxP and NxK were significant for P and K uptake, respectively. The different grain yield responses were linked to their differences in N and P uptake and their utilization efficiencies. Application of N increased shoot N:P ratio while P and K decreased it. Agronomic efficiencies of N (2.26) and P (3.32) were highest at 75 kg N and 22.5 kg P2O5 ha-1, respectively. Apparent N recovery was 17.8% at 75 kg N ha-1 while that of P was 2% at 22.5 kg P2O5 ha-1. N and P utilization efficiencies were 14.33 and 168%, respectively making 75 kg N and 45 kg P2O5 ha-1 better choice at low K for nutritional balance.