Abstract: Background and Objective: Little is known about cytokine expression in skin of vitiligo patients. Studies of serum cytokine concentrations in vitiligo are few and results are often contradictory. This study aimed to examine the degree of expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) in both the serum and the lesional skin of vitiligo patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 38 patients with non-segmental vitiligo and 40 age and sex-matched controls were recruited. The TGF-β1 1evels were detected in serum using ELISA and in lesional specimens of cases and in controls by immunohistochemistry. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using independent T test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, X2-test, exact test and Spearman correlation test . Results: The levels of serum TGF-β1 in patients with vitiligo showed no significant difference in comparison to controls (p = 0.523). Positive epidermal staining for TGF-β1 was detected in 10/24 (41.7%) of patients. The staining was mainly basal and suprabasal with no significant difference from controls. No relation was found between levels of TGF-β1 and disease extent or activity. Conclusion: Normal serum levels and lesional expression of TGF-β1 in this investigation do not support a role related to impaired levels of this cytokine in melanocyte cytotoxicity. Further studies about the TGF-β1 mediated signaling pathway in vitiligo is required to establish the role of TGF-β1 in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.