Abstract: Genetic variability is a prerequisite for any effective selection programme. This investigation was conducted to study the effectiveness of different doses of gamma radiation to induce new genetic variability in some agronomic traits of canola to improve the yielding ability via., selection of useful mutants under saline conditions. Homogeneous dry seeds of two canola cultivars, i.e., serw 4 and 6 were treated with 0, 5, 10 and 15 Kr of gamma rays and the resultant M2 generation was studied under saline field conditions. Results indicated significant mean square due to radiation doses, cultivars and their interaction for most studied traits, indicating the differential response of cultivars to radiation treatments. Higher variation in the treated populations than the control was detected for all studied traits, except for plant height in serw 4 cultivar. The highest variation induced was observed due to the treatment of 15 Kr of gamma rays in most studied traits in serw 4 while in 6, 5 Kr dose came in the first rank for most traits. High positive correlation was obtained between seed yield plant-1 and each of No. of branches plant-1, No. of pods plant-1 and seed oil% of both cultivars treated by gamma rays. Some promising mutants were isolated in the M2 generation. These mutants included (a) Mutants for high yielding ability and (b) Early flowering mutants.