Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the response to direct selection for grain yield/plant under normal and water stress conditions and study the correlated response of other studied traits. Two cycles of pedigree selection for grain yield/plant were practiced on a segregating population of wheat (Giza 168xSids 1) in the F3-F5 generations. Selection was practiced separately and over environments, at normal irrigation environment and drought stress irrigation environment. After the second cycle, the F5-selected families were evaluated at the two environments. Pedigree selection for the two cycles at each environment showed 25.00 and 25.54% increase in grain yield/plant over the bulk samples for normal and drought stress selections, respectively, compared to 22.60% for selections over environments. The antagonistic selection was more efficient than synergistic selection in changing the mean. Selection for grain yield/plant was accompanied by late in heading date of 1.76, 4.07 and 0.13%, increase in plant height of 13.09, 9.79 and 7.38% and with decrease in 1000-grain weight of -2.01, -2.02 and -4.31% over the bulk sample when selection was practiced under normal, drought stress and over environments, respectively. Drought Susceptibility Index (DSI) was estimated for grain yield/plant. Four selected families i.e., No. 9 under normal environment, no. 71 under drought stress environment and no. 10 and 70 under over environments displayed DSI values less than one and the highest grain yield/plant. These families could be considered the best selected families resulted from selection for grain yield/plant. Pedigree selection for improving grain yield/plant was effective in isolating high yielding and drought tolerant genotypes.