Abstract: Background and Objective: A major factor is limiting in the cultivation of melons during the off-season is the poor performance of the most cultivars under suboptimal low temperatures. The current study was conducted to investigate effects of incorporating Prohexadione-Calcium (Pro-Ca) into the priming solutions on low temperature germination and emergence performances of melon (Cucumis melo cv. ‘Kırkağaç 637’) seeds. Materials and Methods: Priming was accomplished by imbibing muskmelon seeds for 4 days at 25°C in darkness in solutions of KNO3 or KH2PO4, each at -1.50 MPa, containing 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg L–1 Pro-Ca. After priming treatment, the seeds were washed with distilled water and dried at 20°C temperature on filter paper for 24 h, then subjected to germination and emergence tests at 15 and 20°C. Results: Priming muskmelon seeds in the presence or absence of plant growth regulators in general improved final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), final emergence percentage (FEP) and mean emergence time (MET), emergence index (EI) compared to non-primed seeds at both temperatures. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that inclusion of Pro-Ca into the priming solutions can be used as an effective method to improve low temperature germination performance muskmelon seeds.