Abstract: Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Burchidae) is a primary pest of cowpea and other legumes worldwide, both in field and in stored seeds. Four botanical oils namely, groundnut, parsley, sunflower and nutmeg and the two conventional insecticides (Agrothion and malathion) 1% dust were evaluated as cowpea seeds protectants against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). The tested compounds were applied in two ways (of mixing with media); preventive way and curative way. The results indicated that the mean number of laying eggs decreased in the preventive way with the increase of concentration of tested materials used. Also, the results showed reduction in F1 progeny especially at the highest concentrations. The parsley oil was more effective than others tested materials used following by sunflower oil. The preventive manner was higher effective than the curative type for protecting cowpea seeds. Plant oils and chemical insecticides protected cowpea seeds for three months. The effect of plant oils for protecting cowpea seeds nearly equal that of the insecticides used through storage period. Consequently, it could be recommended to use the plant oils especially at the highest concentration in the present study to protect cowpea seeds against C. maculatus after further studies on the quality of treated seeds.