Abstract: Wheat is one of the major staple food sources of humanity consumed by majority of the world’s population. It is the single largest source of protein and second only to rice in fulfilling the daily calorie need of Indian population. From nutritional point of view wheat protein is considered to be limiting in essential amino acids like lysine, tryptophan and threonine and hence there is a need for nutritional quality improvement using modern biotechnology tools. Attempts have been made to obtain high lysine mutants in maize, barley and sorghum by plant breeders though similar mutants could not be isolated in wheat possibly due to its polyploidy nature. With recent developments in recombinant DNA technology in plant molecular biology research, including plant transformation and regeneration, alternative molecular approaches can now be implemented to alter the amino-acids composition of seed proteins for improved nutritional quality. Various molecular approaches like protein sequence modification, synthetic genes, over expression of homologous genes and transfer and expression of heterologous genes can be targeted for nutritional quality improvement. Wheat seed storage proteins classified as gliadins, glutenins, globulins and albumins have been extensively studied. Triticin, a minor storage protein of wheat endosperm, accounting for only 5% of the total seed protein is considered to be nutritionally rich due to the presence of unique lysine-rich decapeptide repeat motif inserted in the hypervariable region of this gene. It belongs to the legumin super family (11-12S globulins) of storage proteins, which predominates in the seeds of legumes and some cereals such as rice and oat. There exists three possibilities for utilizing the triticin for higher lysine content namely by increasing the length of lysine-rich hypervariable region, enhancing the expression of the original/ modified triticin gene using more efficient prolamins promoter and increasing the gene copy number. Successful attempts have been made to clone full-length triticin cDNA, amplify hypervariable region from different wheat progenitors and clone strong seed storage protein promoters from wheat, oat and rice.