Abstract: The veterinary, medical and economic importance of arthropods across the globe and the historical status of some important arthropod borne diseases have been reviewed. Due to hasty altering thermo-climatic conditions in different parts of the world, a variety of medical and veterinary related arthropod borne diseases are expected to rise. Arthropods can infect various parts of living vertebrates, which in turn feed on the host’s tissues and body fluids, often causing extensive damage left untreated. The feeding success of arthropods is linked to the vast array of pharmacological substances in their saliva, which interfere with the host haemostasis and immune response. Reducing arthropod abundance is an imperative but elusive ambition. Some arthropods transmit pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. Chemical pesticides applied to territory occupied by these harmful vectors can be valuable but appear to have significant negative effects on other non-target beneficial organisms. Thus, vaccination and biological control need to be explored. Natural biological control is affected by native or co-evolved natural enemies in the environment without human intervention. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available information concerning arthropod vectors and vector-borne diseases, mainly of public health significance. In conclusion, a low number of investigations on various aspects of arthropod borne infections as well as incuriosity to report the cases in disease reporting system have made the arthropod borne diseases as a more or less neglected field.