Abstract: A total number 42 male camels in private farm, located at Ismailia province in Egypt during a period extended from 2004-2005, were examined by using parasitological and direct agglutination tests for diagnosis of trypanosomosis. The results revealed prevalence level 15(35.71%) and 33(78.57%) by parasitological and direct agglutination card tests respectively. Nine infected male camels with trypanosomosis were select to study chromosomal aberrations and Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCE`S) frequency, as well as determined level of testosterone hormone. The frequencies of chromosomal structural aberrations in male camels with trypanosomosis were significantly increased 7.78 ±0.88 compared with non-infected control group 2.22 ±0.55. An increase in structural aberrations was observed in the form of fragment, deletions, gaps and breaks. In addition to, a significant increase in the frequency of SCE`S was observed more in diseased than in healthy camel. Thus, chromosomal abnormalities and SCE`S may be implicated in the pathogenesis of trypanosomosis.