Abstract: The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the underlying disorders and effective treatment of postpartum anoestrus. Rectal examination accompanied by ultrasonography was performed twice in a 10-day interval on crossbred (HolsteinxZebu) anoestrus cows at = 60 days postpartum to diagnose their cyclic status. Cows diagnosed as silent estrus and true anoestrus were allotted to different treatment and Artificial Insemination (AI) protocols. The pregnancy was diagnosed thereafter by ultrasonography between 30-35 days post AI. The prevalence of anoestrus was 18.5% (83 out of 448 cows) as reported by the farmers with silent estrus 53.0% (n = 44), true anoestrus 42.2% (n = 35), cystic ovarian disease 2.4% (n = 2) and uterine infections 2.4% (n = 2) as the underlying disorders. Treatment of silent estrus was revealed estrus and conception; respectively, in 52 and 43% cows carefully monitored of estrus signs for AI (Group I, n = 23) and in 73 and 45% prostaglandin treated cows with AI on observed estrus (Group II, n = 11). Prostaglandin treatment followed by timed AI with GnRH administration at first AI (Group III, n = 10) revealed 60% conception. The difference in rates of conception was not significant among different treatment groups (p>0.05). Treatment of true anoestrus was revealed estrus and conception; respectively, in 82 and 64% nutritionally supplemented cows (Group IV, n = 11) and in 50 and 40% suckling restricted cows (Group V, n = 10). GnRH treatment followed by PGF2α administration and timed AI with GnRH at first AI (Group VI, n = 9) revealed 44% conception. Control anoestrus cows (Group VII, n = 5) without any treatment did not show estrus. The difference in rates of conception was significant (p<0.05) between the groups. In conclusions, close monitoring of silent estrous cows for estrus and nutritional supplementation for true anoestrus could be effective tools for successful reproduction.