Abstract: Ramnabad River is a vital river in the southern Bangladesh in terms of fishing. This survey aimed to assess the fish and fishing gear diversity in the Ramnabad River from March 2013 to February 2014. Fish samples were collected fortnightly from four sampling stations of the Ramnabad River at Patuakhali district in Southern Bangladesh. A total of 64 species of fish under 12 orders and 32 families were recorded during the study period in the Ramnabad River. Perciformes were most leading order constituting 34.38% of the total fish population followed by Siluriformes (21.88%), Cypriniformes (17.19%), Clupeiformes (9.38%), Pleuronectiformes (4.69%), Tetraodontiformes (3.13%), Osteoglossiformes (1.56%), Beloniformes (1.56%), Anguiliformes (1.56%), Pristiformes (1.56%), Rajiformes (1.56%) and Aulopiformes (1.25%). Eight major types of fishing gears were detected to harvest fish in different stations of the Ramnabad River. Major categories of gears include nets, traps and hooks. For fishing purpose, a wide variety of nets such as gill nets, seine nets, lift nets, push nets and cast nets were usually used. The fishing traps were Polo and Bana. For line fishing chip barshi, wheel barshi and longline were used. From this estimation there were indication of low fish species composition and richness in the population of fish in Ramnabad River. For sustainability of these resources, an adequate knowledge of species composition, diversity and relative abundance of its water bodies must be understood. Use of the illegal fishing gear should be prohibited and monitored properly. Therefore, there is need for the conservation and management of the fisheries resources of this water body by relevant agencies. So, the government as well as non-government initiatives also should come forward to consider these cynical impacts.