Abstract: Genetic selection of farm animals can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity through the elimination of individual or populations deemed to be undesirable. Genetic diversity is the basis for population change through selection and any reduction in diversity reduces the potential for future genetic change. Climate change would have great impact on animal production systems in the near future, as such the conservation of genetic diversity would form a basis for mitigation measures. Genetic diversity would increase the chances that animal populations exist and could be selected to suit the present and future environmental changes due to climate change. It is more pressing than ever to put in place strategies that would ensure the sustainable use of animal genetic resources and limit biodiversity erosion.