Abstract: The study examines resource use efficiency on yam production in Delta and Kogi States of Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected using a set of structured questionnaire from 200 selected Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) contact yam farmers from each state. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting the 200 farmers from each state, which were then interviewed by trained enumerators, out of these 200, only 146 and 144 copies of the questionnaires from Delta and Kogi States, respectively were found adequate and used in the analysis for the study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, marginal analysis as well as the stochastic frontier production function. Results from the study show that on the average more males (98.6%) were involved in yam production in both states as compared to 1.4% in the case of female. The technical efficiency of the farmers in both States varied. In Delta State, their technical efficiency varied from 0.20 to 0.93 with a mean of 0.85, while about 80% of the farmers had technical efficiencies exceeding 0.80. In Kogi State, the technical efficiency of farmers varied from 0.20 to 0.95, with a mean of 0.65, while only about 23% of the farmers had technical efficiencies exceeding 0.80. The results for resource use efficiency show that there were under utilization of land, labour and planting materials (seed yam) as the ratios of the value of marginal product to marginal fixed cost were greater than one in both states.