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Research Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Year: 2018 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 41-48
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Olaolu Tomilola Debby

Olaolu Tomilola Debby

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Review Article

Effect of Cadmium on Female Reproduction and Treatment Options

Olaolu Tomilola Debby Olaolu Tomilola Debby's LiveDNA
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that has no known advantageous role to humans. It poses a major public health issue to living organisms and it particularly has detrimental effects on the reproductive system of females. This review was aimed at highlighting the effects of cadmium on the reproductive system of females and the remedy options available. Heavy metals are a heterogenous group of elements that form amphoteric oxides and metalloids, transition element and rare earth metals which are grouped into lanthanides and actinides. They are naturally found in the earth crust but their accumulation in the atmosphere is increased as a result of natural and human activities. Cadmium is mostly used in industrial procedures like mining, plastic stabilizers, pigment production, nickel-cadmium battery production, refining of copper, zinc and lead ores. Humans are exposed to cadmium by direct exposure and inhalation through cigarette smoking or ingestion of contaminated food or water. Some effects of cadmium on female reproduction includes alteration of steroidogenesis, delay in puberty and/or menarche, pregnancy loss, disorders of the menstrual cycle and reproductive hormones and premature birth and reduced birth weights. There were no specific therapies directed at treating only the reproductive effect of cadmium poisoning in humans, however, cadmium poisoning has been remedied with orthodox medicines, the use of metal chelators which can be taken orally or administered intravenously. In addition, antioxidants supplementations and the use of plants are being explored and have displayed some therapeutic roles against the detrimental effects of cadmium on living organisms.
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