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| Emergence of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus and its Variants Need Better Diagnosis, Prevention and Control Strategies: A Global Perspective |
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Kuldeep Dhama,
Shambhu Dayal Singh,
Rajamani Barathidasan,
P.A. Desingu,
Sandip Chakraborty,
Ruchi Tiwari and M. Asok Kumar |
Abstract:
Growth in poultry sector is being challenged due to increased
incidence and re-emergence of diseases caused due to evolution of several viral
pathogens and use of live vaccines. Piles of economic losses are encountered
due to these diseases. Avian Infectious Bronchitis (IB), caused by Corona
virus, is OIE-listed disease and characterized by respiratory, renal and
urogenital involvements, causing high mortality. Economic losses are encountered
due to loss of productive performance of both egg and meat-type chickens. Variant
viruses evolve due to spontaneous mutations and recombinations, causing disease
in vaccinated flocks of all ages. Serotyping and genotyping are the common methods
of classification of IBV strains. The virus has 4 clusters, grouped into 7 serotypes
and the most important strains are Massachusetts, Connecticut, Arkansas, Gray,
Holte and Florida along with numerous others, distributed round the globe. Several
conventional and molecular diagnostic methods have been described for the diagnosis
of IB in chickens. 'All-in/all-out' operations of rearing along with good biosafety
measures forms the basis of prevention, whereas vaccination forms the backbone
of IB control programme. Both live and inactivated (oil emulsified) conventional
vaccines are available. The new generation vaccines (recombinant and vector-based)
developed against locally prevailing IBV strains may be more helpful and avoid
the reversion of virulence in live vaccine viruses. The present review deals
with all these perspectives of this important emerging poultry pathogen.
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How to cite this article:
Kuldeep Dhama, Shambhu Dayal Singh, Rajamani Barathidasan, P.A. Desingu, Sandip Chakraborty, Ruchi Tiwari and M. Asok Kumar, 2014. Emergence of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus and its Variants Need Better Diagnosis, Prevention and Control Strategies: A Global Perspective. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 17: 751-767.
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.751.767
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjbs.2014.751.767
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