Metabolic Pathways of Tetraidothyronine and Triidothyronine Production by Thyroid Gland: A Review of Articles


	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
	Year: 2011 \| Volume: 14 \| Issue: 1 \| Page No.: 1-12 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.1.12

Metabolic Pathways of Tetraidothyronine and Triidothyronine Production by Thyroid Gland: A Review of Articles

A.R. Mansourian

Abstract: Tetraidothyronine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) are the two vital hormones in human metabolism produced by thyroid gland. The major pathways in thyroid hormone biosynthesis begin with iodine metabolism which occurs in three sequential steps: active iodide transport into thyroid followed by iodide oxidation and subsequent iodination of tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin (Tg) to produce idotyrosines monoidotyrosine (MIT) and diiodothyrosine (DIT) on Tg. Oxidized iodine and tyrosyle residues which are an aromatic amino acids are integral part of T4 and T3. The thyroid iodine deficiency of either dietary, thyroid malfunction , or disorder of hypothalamus and pituitary to produce enough Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), eventually lead to hypothyroidism with sever side effects. Iodine oxidation is the initial step for thyroid hormone synthesis within thyroid, is mediated by thyroperoxidase enzyme (TPO), which itself is activated by TSH required for production of MIT and DIT. T4 and T3 are subsequently are synthesized on Tg following MIT and DIT coupling reaction. Thyroid hormones eventually produced and released into circulation through Tg pinocytosis from follicular space and subsequent lysozomal function, a process again stimulated by TSH. The production of T4 and T3 are highly regulated externally by a negative feed-back interrelation between serum T4, T3 and TSH and internally by the elevated iodine within thyroid gland. It is believed the extra iodine concentration within thyroid gland control thyroid hormones synthesis by inhibition of the TPO and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) formation which is also an essential factor of iodine oxidation, via a complex mechanism. In healthy subjects the entire procedures of T4 and T3 synthesis re-start again following a drop in serum T4 and T3 concentration. On conditions of thyroid disorders, which caused by the distruption of either of above mechanisms, thyroid hormone deficiency and related clinical manifestations eventually begin to show themselves.

PDF Fulltext XML References Citation Report Citation

RELATED ARTICLES:

•	A Review of Literature on Thyroid Hormone Disorders Originated from Extra Thyroidal Illness

•	Liver Functional Behavior During Thyrotoxicosis: A Review

•	Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Play a Crucial Role in the Management of Thyroid Disorders: A Literature Review

•	A Review of Literatures on the Adverse Effects of Thyroid Abnormalities and Liver Disorders: An Overview on Liver Dysfunction and Hypothyroidism

•	Serum Thyroid Hormone Level in Women with Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy

•	A Survey of Urinary Iodine Concentration in South-east of Caspian Sea in Northern, Iran

•	A Review on Hyperthyroidism: Thyrotoxicosis under Surveillance

•	The Immune System which Adversely Alter Thyroid Functions: A Review on the Concept of Autoimmunity

How to cite this article:

A.R. Mansourian , 2011. Metabolic Pathways of Tetraidothyronine and Triidothyronine Production by Thyroid Gland: A Review of Articles. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 14: 1-12.

DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.1.12

URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjbs.2011.1.12

COMMENT ON THIS PAPER

	Full Name:
	E-mail:
	Comments:

Navigation


		Online First
		Current Issue
		Previous Issues
		Editorial Board
		Submit a Manuscript
		Guide to Authors
		Subscribe to E-alerts

Indexed In


		AGRIS
		ASCI-Database
		Asian Digital Library
		Cambridge Scientific Abstract
		Chemical Abstract Services
		Google Scholar
		ISI Web of Knowledge
		PubMed
		SCIMAGO
		Thomson ISI

Follow @scialert

Science Alert