Effect of Shifting Cultivation on Distribution of Nutrient Elements and Carbohydrates Within Water-Stable Aggregates in Northern Iran

This study attempts to evaluate the nutrient element and carbohydrate distribution within Water-Stable Aggregates (WSA) of two natural ecosystems, native forest and pasturelands, under different land uses. Soil samples were collected from depths of (0-20) cm in Typic Haploxeroll soils. The overall pattern indicated that Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and WSA were greater in the pasture and forest soils compared with the adjacent cultivated soils and aggregates of >1.0 mm size were dominant in the uncultivated soils, whereas the cultivated soils comprised aggregates of the size <=0.5 mm. Distribution of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates within the WSA showed preferential enrichment of these parameters in the macroaggregate fraction (4.75-1.0 mm) for the uncultivated soils and microaggregate fraction (>0.25 mm) for the cultivated soils. Average distribution of total exchangeable bases within WSA showed that cultivation of forest pastureland soils significantly led to reduce in these nutrient in the 4.75-2.0 mm fraction and increase in concentration of these cations in <0.25 mm fraction. Since smaller aggregates are preferentially removed by erosion, this study emphasizes the need for sustainable soil management practices that they will minimize nutrient loss when forest or pastures lands are converted to cropland.