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Journal of Entomology

Year: 2018 | Volume: 15 | Issue: 3 | Page No.: 125-134
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Authors

Tjandra Anggraeni

Tjandra Anggraeni

Nida Nisrine

Anggraini Barlian

Sony Heru Sumarsono

Keywords

Research Article

Repellency of Some Essential Oils against Drosophila melanogaster, Vector for Bacterium Blood Disease in Banana Plantation

Tjandra Anggraeni Tjandra Anggraeni's LiveDNA, Nida Nisrine, Anggraini Barlian and Sony Heru Sumarsono
Background and Objectives: Drosophila melanogaster is one of insect vectors for bacterium blood disease on banana plantation in Indonesia. The most common method to control these insect vectors is by using a synthetic insecticides, although it is now considered not to use as it causes pollutions. Alternatively, using essential oils that are environment friendly in order to stop insect visiting flower, as the fruits are self-fertilized. This research was carried out to identify the optimum concentration and the effective duration time for repellency of three essential oils from citronella, ginger and basil against D. melanogaster. Materials and Methods: By using a 5-arm test arena, each essential oil with the concentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% (with Tween-80 emulsifiers) was tested. Collected data was analyzed using a non-parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis), with a significant value p<0.05. GC-MS was used to identify the compound contents in each oil. Results: The result showed that the average number of D. melanogaster visits to the test arm with essential oils (25, 50, 75 and 100%) was significant different with control. The optimum concentration and the effective duration time for, repellency of each essential oil were as follows; citronella oil 75%-135 min, ginger oil 50%-90 min and basil oil 50%-105 min. Three highest concentrations of the compound in each essential oil were identified as follow: Citronella oil with citronellol, caryophyllene and geranyl isobutyrate, ginger oil with eucalyptol, camphene and geraniol; and basil oil with geraniol, bisabolene and sulcatone. These compound were presumably contributed in insect visiting. Conclusion: Essential oils from citronella, ginger and basil can be used as an alternative method to protect the banana plant from insect visiting flower and were effective to repel D. melanogaster with various optimum concentrations and various optimum duration times of repellency.
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