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Journal of Entomology

Year: 2017 | Volume: 14 | Issue: 2 | Page No.: 104-111
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Authors

Dwi Sutiningsih

Dwi Sutiningsih

Mustofa

Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto

Edhi Martono

Keywords

Research Article

Inhibitory Effects of Bruceine A Biolarvicide on Growth and Development of Aedes aegypti Larvae

Dwi Sutiningsih Dwi Sutiningsih's LiveDNA, Mustofa, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto and Edhi Martono
Background and Objective: Bruceine A is a quassinoid compound isolated from the seeds of Makassar fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr.) that has a biolarvicidal effect toward Aedes aegypti larvae with a lethal concentration fifty (LC50) and ninety (LC90) of 0.408 and 4.923 ppm, respectively. This study aimed to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of bruceine A on the growth and development of A. aegypti larvae at sublethal concentrations. Materials and Methods: The effect of bruceine A on A. aegypti larvae growth and development was tested using bioassays. Daily counts of the number of larvae that survived or died were taken until all the experimental larvae became either pupae or adults. Dead larvae were assessed for morphological and histological changes. The statistical analysis of growth and development inhibition was performed by using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann Whitney. The data from observation on morphological and histological changes were descriptively analyzed. Results: Inhibitory effects of bruceine A on the growth and development of A. aegypti larvae were seen at concentrations as low as 0.01 ppm. The morphological changes seen in larvae included damage to the gastrointestinal tract manifested as black spots, folded breathing tubes and detached cuticle and setae as well as smaller body sizes compared to the control group. Histological examination of the larvae indicated diffuse necrosis in the gastrointestinal epithelium accompanied by epithelial cell shrinkage, whereas the core was not visible. Conclusion: It is concluded that bruceine A inhibits growth and development of A. aegypti larvae, as shown by cuticle damage and necrosis of gastrointestinal and respiratory epithelial cells.
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