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Journal of Entomology

Year: 2005 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 33-39
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Authors

T. Ramasubramanian

K. Ramaraju

A. Regupathy

Keywords

Research Article

Acaricide Resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari:Tetranychidae)-Global Scenario

T. Ramasubramanian, K. Ramaraju and A. Regupathy
Tetranychus urticae is known to have a high tendency to develop resistance to acaricides among the mite species. It has been heavily exposed to acaricides among the acari and had developed resistance to dicofol, amitraz, organotins, propargite, pyrethroids, fenbutatin oxide, hexythiazox, clofentezine, abamectin and METI (Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitors) acaricides fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad around the globe. The compilation and subsequent comparison of resistance data reported for different strains world wide is a complicated task because of the difference in bioassay methodology adopted, variation in the susceptibility of reference strains used to calculate the resistance ratio and stage of the mite (adult female/larvae) assayed for by the toxicologists. The establishment of baseline LC50 to new acaricides before widespread use may allow better monitoring of changes in susceptibility over time and can provide opportunity to detect resistance before the occurrence of field failure. Discriminating concentrations need to be determined for quick and reliable monitoring of resistance in the future. Genetically established resistance mechanisms in spider mites were similar to those found in insects (reduced penetration, target site insensitivity and enhanced metabolism). An ARM (Acaricide Resistance Management) package for T. urticae need to be developed that may guide for the mitigation of resistance. The magnitude of resistance and the mechanisms responsible for the acaricide resistance in T. urticae around the globe have been reviewed.
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