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Journal of Biological Sciences

Year: 2019 | Volume: 19 | Issue: 6 | Page No.: 381-390
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Authors

A.S. Achampong

R. Appiah-Opong

A. Ocloo

A. Ocloo

Keywords

Research Article

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Taraxacum officinale, Morinda citrifolia, Milletia thonningii and Noni on Mitochondrial Function

A.S. Achampong, R. Appiah-Opong and A. Ocloo A. Ocloo's LiveDNA
Background and Objectives: Mitochondria are commonly referred to as the cellular “powerhouses” because they produce 90% of the energy necessary for cell survival in the form of adenosine triphosphate by oxidative phosphorylation. When xenobiotics adversely affect the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, it results in xenobiotic-induced bioenergetic failure leading to mitochondrial failure and/or dysfunction, which have been implicated in host of diseases such as neurodegenerative conditions. Conversely, a positive interaction between xenobiotics and the oxidative phosphorylation machinery results in positive drug outcomes. The present study investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of the leaves of 3 common medicinal plants Taraxacum officinale (TO), Morinda citrifolia (MC), Milletia thonningii (MT) and a locally prepared Noni (N) on mitochondrial function. Materials and Methods: A substrate-inhibitor titration was used to assess the effects of the extracts on mitochondrial function in permeabilised cardiac muscle. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts on Jurkat leukemia cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells were assessed using the MTT assay. The antioxidant activities were analysed using the DPPH scavenging assay, phenolic contents and basic phytochemical components were also analyzed by employing standard protocols. Results: The extracts showed varying phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities with the Noni showing the lowest phenolics content but the highest antioxidant activity. None of the extracts significantly alter mitochondrial function directly in situ or indirectly in the cancer cell-lines. Conclusion: The plant extracts and the locally prepared Noni exhibited different photochemical compositions and antioxidant activities and caused different in-significant and non-adverse effects on mitochondrial function.
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